Essential Guide to Geraniums for Garden Lovers

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Zonal Geranium

Geraniums, with their vibrant blooms and versatile use in gardens, containers, and hanging baskets, are not just popular but also a sight to behold. The term “geranium” encompasses two distinct plant genera: Geranium (true geraniums or hardy geraniums) and Pelargonium (tender geraniums widely found in gardens).

Wood Cranesbill – Geranium sylvaticum

Types of Geraniums Hardy Geraniums (Genus: Geranium)Also called cranesbills, they are perennial plants that survive cold winters. They produce delicate, five-petaled flowers in colours like pink, purple, blue, and white. Popular species: Geranium Rozanne, Geranium macrorrhizum. Common Garden Geraniums (Genus: Pelargonium) These are tender perennials, often grown as annuals in cooler climates. They have vibrant red, pink, white, orange, or purple flowers with distinct, often scented leaves. Common types include: Zonal Geraniums (Pelargonium x hortorum) are recognized by their round, slightly ruffled leaves with dark zones. Ivy Geraniums (Pelargonium peltatum) Trailing vines with glossy leaves, ideal for hanging baskets. Scented Geraniums (Pelargonium spp.) Known for fragrant leaves with scents like lemon, rose, or mint. Regal (Martha Washington) Geraniums (Pelargonium domesticum) Large, showy flowers with a short blooming season.

Horseshoe Geranium

Growing Conditions Sunlight: Most geraniums prefer full sun (6+ hours per day), though some varieties tolerate partial shade. Soil: Well-draining, moderately fertile soil. Watering: Water when the soil is dry to the touch; avoid overwatering to prevent root rot. Temperature: Hardy geraniums can tolerate frost, while Pelargoniums thrive in warm climates (above 50°F or 10°C). Fertilization: Monthly feeding with a balanced fertilizer enhances blooms.

Ivy Geranium

Uses and Benefits Ornamental: Perfect for flower beds, window boxes, hanging baskets, and indoor pots. Scented Varieties: Used in herbal teas, aromatherapy, and natural insect repellents. Medicinal Uses: Some species have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.

Horseshoe Geranium

Care Tips Deadheading: Regular removal of spent flowers encourages more blooms. Pruning: Trim leggy stems to maintain bushy growth. Winter Care: Hardy geraniums survive winter; tender geraniums can be overwintered indoors or treated as annuals.